Reimbursement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reimbursement - Essay Example Over time, these products have brought about major health challenges to their users ranging from addiction to cancer of the throat and lungs. â€Å" As a result, health expenditure by the government has only been going up without easing.† (Jost, 1). Tobacco companies should help finance the healthcare costs associated with the use of their products. This is because they make profits while the government incurs expenses that could be avoided by simply putting the companies out of business. In order to be appealing to the consumer, companies use enticing words that attract more users. The enticements are in the form of low tar content, mild cigarettes, flavoured cigarettes and misrepresented information on tobacco. This information is widely misleading and depicts the irresponsible nature of tobacco companies, thus, the need to make them accountable for their deeds. These practices are blatantly deceptive, fraudulent, and aimed at misleading active consumers and other potential consumers. This can be done making them refund to the government funds used to treat and cater for tobacco related ailments. Also, tobacco companies go out of their way to make aggressive campaigns to women, youth and minority groups. These funds could, instead, be used in preventing ailments and expenses that result from tobacco use. â€Å"Still on accountability, tobacco companies should reimburse the government because they are the reason that tobacco related ailments are prevalent† (Janofsky, Para. 2). They, therefore, should shoulder the blame for the part they play. Apart from this, tobacco companies, as a result of reimbursement, will have to bare their documents to the public. This will allow scrutiny by the public in order to understand how the tobacco industry functions. It will also expose the malpractices that these companies engage that are outside the normal business rules and standards. Thus, â€Å"...to ensure accountability, tobacco companies should be given a choice to either reimburse the government for healthcare expenses, or conduct anti-tobacco campaigns, which use up the same profits they make† (â€Å"Benefits in Tobacco Deal†, Para. 5). With this, reimbursement promotes transparency in the business where they work towards ridding the country and society of tobacco addicts and especially smokers. In return, the companies provide less reimbursement and make sufficient profits for themselves. Health and financial benefits Reimbursement of the federal government by tobacco companies should be done in order to improve the health of the citizens. It should also be done to reduce the load that the taxpayer has to bear. Calls to reimburse the government have an opportunity to pave the way for the creation of new laws. By passing legislation that controls and regulates the tobacco industry, usage of tobacco and tobacco products will see a decline. This legislation will be very crucial because, the number of people using toba cco products will go down significantly and, thus, those exposed to second hand smoke will also benefit. Of all the people exposed to second-hand smoke, children and pregnant mothers form the bulk. Putting into consideration the effects that cigarette smoke has on children and unborn babies, reimbursement is set to put issues into perspective for tobacco companies. Therefore, reimbursement will promote improved health by reducing occurrences of smoking related

School Bus and Dumb Pigs Essay Example for Free

School Bus and Dumb Pigs Essay Narrator: Megan’s father asked her to feed the pigs on her way to school. He said†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Father: Megan please feed the pigs but don’t open the gate. Pigs are smarter than you think. Don’t open the gate. Megan: right I will not open the gate. Not me no sir no no no no. Narrator: so Megan went to the pig pen. She looked the pigs. The pigs looked at Megan. Megan: these are the dumbest looking pigs I have ever seen. They stand here like lumps on a bump. They wouldn’t do anything if I did open the gate. Narrator: so Megan opened the gate just a little bit. The pigs stood there and looked at Megan. They didn’t do anything. Megan said Megan: these are the dumbest looking pigs I have ever seen. They stand here like lumps on a bump. They wouldn’t do anything even go out the door if the house was on fire. Narrator: so Megan opened the gate a little bit more. The pigs stood there and looked at Megan. They didn’t do anything. Then Megan yelled†¦ Megan: HEY YOU DUMB PIGS! Narrator: the pigs jumped up and ran over Megan, WAP- WAP- WAP-WAP-WAP and out the gate. When Megan got up she couldn’t see the pigs anywhere. She said Megan: UH OH, I am in bad trouble. Maybe pigs are not so dumb after all. Narrator: then she went to tell her father the bad news. When she got to the house Megan heard a noise coming from the kitchen. Then it went, Pig: OINK OINK OINK Megan: that doesn’t sound like my mother. That doesn’t sound like my father. that sounds like pigs. Narrator: she looked in the window. There was her father sitting at the breakfast table. A pig was drinking his coffee. A pig was eating his news paper and a pig peeing on his shoe. Father: Megan you opened the gate. Get these pigs out of here. Narrator: Megan opened the front door a little bit. The pigs stood and looked at Megan. Finally Megan opened the front door all the way and yelled†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Megan: HEY YOU DUMB PIGS. Narrator: the pigs jumped up and ran right over Megan, WAP- WAP-WAP-WAP And out the door. Megan ran outside chassed all the pigs into the pig pen and shut the gate. Then she looked at the pigs a said†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Megan: your are still dumb, like lumps on a bump. Narrator: then she ran off to school. Just as she was about to open the front door of the school she heard a sound. Pigs: OINK OINK OINK. Narrator: she said †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Megan: that doesn’t sound like my teacher. That doesn’t sound like the principal. That sounds like pigs Narrator: Megan looked in the principle’s window. There was a pig drinking principal’s coffee. A pig was eating the principal’s newspaper. And a pig was peeing on the principal’s shoe. The principal yelled†¦. Principal: Megan, get these pigs out of here! Narrator: Megan opened the front door of the school a little bit. The pigs didn’t do anything. She opened the door all the way and yelled†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Megan: HEY YOU DUMB PIGS. Narrator: the pigs jumped up and ran right over Megan, WAP-WAP-WAP-WAP and out the door. Megan went into the school she sat down at the desk and said†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Megan: that’s that I finally got rid of all the pigs. Narrator: then she heard a noise. Pig: OINK OINK OINK Narrator: Megan opened her desk and there a new baby pig. The teacher said†¦ Teacher: Megan get that dumb pig out of here. Megan: Dumb? Who ever said pigs were dumb? Pigs are smart. I am going to keep it for a pet. Narrator: at the end of the day the school bus finally came Megan walked up to the door then heard something say, Pig: OINK OINK OINK Narrator: Megan said Megan: that doesn’t sound like the bus driver that sounds like the pigs. Narrator: she climbed up the stairs and looked in the bus. There was a pig driving the bus, pigs eating the seats and pigs lying in the aisle. A pig shut the door and drove the bus down the road. It drove the bus all the way to Megan’s farm, through the barnyard and right into the pig pen. Megan got out of the bus walked across the barnyard and marched into the kitchen. She said†¦. Megan: the pigs are all back in the pig pen. They came back by themselves. Pigs are smarter than you think. Narrator: and Megan never let out any more animals out again. At least not any more pigs

International Federation of Accountants Code of Ethics

International Federation of Accountants Code of Ethics Code of Ethics is essential for both accountants and auditors as they hold positions of expectation that the community rely on them and the capability. The Code of Ethics is regulated by International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) at international level. Due to the company failures such as Enron and Equitable life, ethical behavior and independence has become more important. The Enron case clearly demonstrates the value work of IFAC. (ACCA, 2002) Therefore, IFACs Code of Ethic is broadly defined as code of conduct based on a set of moral principles or values that indicates how an individual should behave. (Velayutham, 2003) Through this, if an auditor is incompetent, the parties to the contract will place little or no value on the service provided. (Messier et al., 2007).Furthermore, auditors are required to be independence to apply unbiased judgment and objective consideration to establish facts in giving an opinion. It is essential because the users expect the auditor to have an unbiased viewpoint when forming opinion on the true and fairness of the financial statement. If the auditors are not independence, then the value of audit is lost. (Gomes, 2010) [Online].It is vital to provide assurance services as it can increase confidence of users of the information and to avoid conflicts of interests that may occur towards the auditor. 2.0 Main report 2.1 Critically evaluate of the role of IFACs Code of Ethics for professional accountants in strengthening independence of auditors. Over these years, IFAC has been revising a newer Code of Ethics to clarify requirements for all professional accountants and to enhance the independence of auditor. (IFAC, 2009) [Online].This Code of Ethics are follow up and practiced by its members until it becomes a system in the organization.(Ravendran,2006) [Online]. Principles-based approach is remained in the revised Code of Ethic and it establishes a conceptual framework for professional accountants and external auditor to follow. This is to make sure they are compliance with fundamental principles of professional ethics. It is important for fundamental of principle to remain the same, as it would be more flexible for all professional accountants and the external auditors. (Ward, 2006) [Online] The IFAC Code of Ethic has constantly revised to meet the changing needs of the profession and the expectations of stakeholders in Malaysia. (MIA, 2006) [Online].Therefore IFAC Code of Ethic is set as a good example to follow because of its holistic approach that considers many aspects of the issue. (Gomes, 2009) [Online].External auditors to find out possible threats and evaluate how it could affect the audit are using conceptual framework. They have to apple safeguards on the identified threats to reduce them to an acceptable level. (MIA, 2006) [Online] Furthermore, auditors play an important role to provide a high-quality financial statement because any loss in carrying out their work will give a bad impact on investor protection and confidence. For example, many auditors failed to give their opinion leading to compromising the shareholders of public listed companies. (Izma, 2009) [Online] .As a result, independence of auditors is affected. In solving this kind of situation, auditors will need to follow the fundamental of principles to reduce this threat. (MIA, 2005) [Online] By applying a principle-based approach, it can also help to standardize the IFACs Code of Ethic globally. Through standardizing the international standards, the auditors will have high quality standards in auditing the financial statement. (Ward, 2006) [Online].If each country standardized the preparation of financial statements, making it flexible for cross-border securities listing globally. This will enable the company for a better flow of resources, using it systematically. (Kumar, Porwal, 2003) [Online] .Therefore opinion form by auditors will be more credible and reliable in ensuring auditors to be more independence. On the other hand, the behavior of a human cannot be justified by just following the IFACs Code of Ethic. This is because personal behavior cannot be control and it depends on how they want to behave. (MIA, 2006) [Online].For example lack of ethical code, especially one client may jeopardized another clients business due to the financial difficultly they faced.(Gomes, 2009) [Online] The reasons why auditors cannot control themselves, probably due to the characteristic of the auditors are self-centered, greedy and unprincipled, thus this will create a self- interest threat for the auditors.( Jackling et al., 2007) As such, it is not good to understand the principle only, the knowledge of ethical code need to be apply. (Gomes, 2010) [Online].If not independence of auditor will be influence and then nobody would be able to trust them just like Arthur Anderson. Due to the cases like Enron or WorldCom, which ended up as a fraud, IFACs has revised stronger ethical code and stringent rules that a company must follow. However, the revised IFACs Code of Ethic cannot be perfect all the time. Somehow, loopholes can be found, as it may not fully capture the culture, belief and practice the code and it will make auditors to be unable to enhance independence. (ACCA, 2009) and external auditors may not adapt to this standards as there are changes to the ethical code. It can also make mistakes as the environment is changing, so does the culture and the personality of the auditor as well. Therefore, without a proper guidance, certain parts of the organization may interpret the code differently and IFACs Code of Ethic cannot promise that very country or auditor may process the ethical code. For example as the culture in the world is changing so as the behavior of an auditor and for that auditor may do what they want, as the Code of Ethic is not included in the law system. In general, by maintaining the same code is not possible, as it has to change consistently. (Pflugrath et al., 2007) 2.2 Evaluate the important of maintaining principle-based approach in the Code of Ethics. Many corporation failures has shows the need of principle- based approach is essential. The suggested ways for IFACs Code of Ethic to strengthen the independence of auditors are by having a principle-based approach, as it is flexible and easy for the auditors and accountants to adapt. With a strong principle-based, this will enhance the auditor to perform a high quality standards of auditing in making decisions and the public would have more trust towards them (IFAC, 2009) [Online]. By having a principles- based approach, problems it maintaining will be reducibly and there are ways of resolving it. (MIA, 2008) [Online] Furthermore, the IFACs body has agreed that principle-based are better compared to rules-based approach as threats and safeguards better serves the public interest, which cannot provide for all circumstances. (Bagshaw, 2006) [Online].As such, the Code of Ethic has been revised in principles- based approach primarily to encourage auditors to make a high quality judgment(MIA, 2006) [Online]. Therefore, assurance is critical in making sure that their judgments are ethical enough as the auditors and accountants holds these responsibilities. (Haron.H et al., 2010) Other than that, a principles- based approach can adapt to the changes of the environment. This is because every country has a different culture and this culture will generally affect the behavior of that person. Therefore, with principle-based, it can minimize standards behavior for each auditor and accountant globally. (ACCA, 2009) and therefore it is important to maintain a principles-based in the IFACs Code of Ethic. Moreover, with the high quality of ethical code, auditors can make a good judgment and this will avoid them from having a financial scandal. (Ismail et al., 2010) Somehow, some aspects that may considered as a threat towards a principle-based approach. External auditors and professional accountants that are use to comply with rules- based in Code of Ethics find themselves in a difficulty to switch to principles- based. The most important concern is whether a purely principle-based approach is strong enough to deal with a complicated transactions.(Yong, 2004) [Online].Due to the different culture in every country International codes such as the IFACs Code cannot fully comply with basic principles and practice. (ACCA, 2009) The fact is that auditors and accountants will need to apply judgments according to the principles, which is impossible because Code of Ethic cannot include all situation and dilemmas and by applying judgments blindly, auditors independence are affected. (Gomes, 2009) [Online] Despite that, every now and then judgment are use to manipulate financial outcomes so a strong ethical behavior and commitment is required for the auditors to avoid temptations from resist client pressuring. (Yong, 2004)[Online] Besides that, the lack of clarity in principle-based approach as ethical code can perceive to be to technical jargon. As such auditors will have a difficult time to understand certain parts especially when the ethical code is translated, auditors finds themselves that the meaning become weaker thus auditors will find it hard to revise the Code of Ethics and because of this ethical code may not be widely used all over the world. (MIA, 2005) [Online] (ICAEW, 2006) [Online].Therefore every country needs to adjust to have a simpler Code of Ethics. 2.3 Recommendation In general, all companies differs from one and another in terms of functional operations, its legal systems, institutional base works and cultures, therefore it is critical that every organization must have good corporate governance for survival. Hence corporate governance is another way to enhance the independence of auditors besides having Code of Ethics. The objectives are to make sure that companys management is organized care and certain requirements that auditors and accountants must comply. Other than that, corporate governance systems are to make sure that threats to independence do not happen. (ICAEW, 2001) [Online] As audit committee are parts of the corporate governance, it is important for them to monitor the external auditors work by checking the financial report. By doing so, external auditors assurance will be improved. Besides this, audit committee can give some opinions to external auditor especially when problems occur. (ACCA, 2009).Therefore, with the help of audit committee, financial report would be more reliable. Moreover, audit committee can also review the timing and nature of reports as well as the findings of the external auditors. (ACCA, 2009) Hence, this will be able to enhance the independence of auditors Besides this, Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is another good substitute besides Code of Ethics. This program is great to ensure auditors and accountants are updated with the market developments and changes affecting the accountancy profession and the auditors. Further, it helps the auditors to maintain and raise standards to professional judgments thus this will give auditors to be more up to date in the Guide of Professional Ethics. Through CPD, auditors will have the advantage to improve the capacity to exercise the highest standards of professional judgement. (ICAEW, 2010) [Online] CPD also provides information, support and guidance towards the auditor thus auditors are more confident in making a good decision without affecting the financial report. (ICAEW, 2010) [Online] By adopting this new approach, auditors will be able to follow up with current issue, which can affect their professional works, and to be committed in the job as they are responsible to the clients, stakeholders and the employers. (MIA, 2006) [Online].Finally, CPD will help them to be more knowledgeable and will enhance them to develop higher level of quality standards (MIA, 2007) [Online] 3.0 Conclusion Overall, it is important that IFACs Code of Ethics is revised every few years to make auditors and accountants are able to adapt with the changes made in the Code of Ethic. Ethical code is needed for the auditors and accountants as the public rely on them to perform the audit work efficient and effectively. Due to this, maintaining a principle-based is in need for every auditors and accountants as it is more flexible and thus it is globally used. However, there are still some negative aspects of ethical code, which auditor finds it difficult to comply with but somehow they manage to resolve it. As such, it is important that auditor and accountants knows when to apply the ethical code and not just understanding the principle only. Nevertheless, by having a good judgment, auditors will be able to make a good decision without getting influence. Therefore, with a strong ethical behaviour, auditors will be able to give a reliable and credible financial report and as a result, independence of auditors can be enhanced.Apart from this, it is essential, that every country will be able to adopt the IFACs Code of Ethics, as it will give high quality standards in the financial statement. Ethical Code cannot guarantee ethical behavior or resolve all dispute ethical behavior should result from a personal commitment to engage in ethical practice. Audit committee and CPD can also help to enhance the independence of auditors. Lastly, Ethical Code is an essential element of the surroundings in which auditors work and it is important that proper guidance to be given to them.

Reading and its Effects on Development Essay -- Early Childhood Develo

Reading and its Effects on Development Over the years the attention focused on children from birth to three years has increased dramatically. Actually, it was in the 1970’s that researchers began to believe that reading to infants would help to stimulate their growth and development. Up to the decade of the 1970’s many people believed that infants lacked any intellectual abilities. Some people also believed that an infant’s hearing and vision were not operative in the first few months of life. But, over the years studies have proven otherwise. The first three years of life have been proven to be the most critical years in a child’s development. One area looked at by researchers and teachers are is how reading to infants and toddlers affects their development. Researchers and child development specialists advocate that parents begin reading to their children, even from birth, because it helps the child’s brain to develop more quickly and aids in the development of language skills. Brain development is very crucial in the first three years of life. Experts now say it’s the first three years of a child’s life that may hold the key to the future (Phillips, 1998). Infants are born with about one hundred billion brain cells, and when the child is not stimulated the brain cells die off. The critical period of brain development is within the first six months of life; the sensitive period of brain development includes birth to three years of age (Murray, n.d). At three months the brain has the potential to distinguish several hundred spoken sounds. Over the next few months the brain organizes itself to recognize only the sounds it hears (Phillips, 1998). This shows that if a child is not exposed to literature and other ... ...We Make a Difference? Pediatrics. Retrieved April 22, 2003, from http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0950/4_105/62023007/print.jhtml Maxcey, M.(1998, April 29). Reading to Children Stimulates Early Brain Development. Retrieved April 20, 2003, from http://www.agnews.tamu.edu/stories/CFAM/Apr2998a.htm Murray, B. (n.d). Understanding brain development and early learning: New research better inform the ‘nature vs. nurture’ issue. FACSNET. Retrieved April 23, 2003, from http://www.facsnet.org/tools.sci_tech/biotek/eliot.php Phillips, A. (1998, April 27). Baby’s brain: First three years of life may hold the key to child’s future. Courier. Retrieved April 22, 2003, from http://www.wcfcourier.com/life98/980426first.html Porter, P. (2003, April 6). Early Brain Development. Retrieved April 20, 2003, from http://www.educarer.com/brain.htm

The American Voting System Should Be Changed

â€Å"If you don’t vote, you can’t complain. † Americans have heard this statement for decades. Those who feel that it is their duty, hold to this statement as if it were sacred. For the most part it is true. America has been fortunate to have a system that allows its citizens to take part in voting for the lawmakers who will represent them. Over time, more freedoms have come to the American people. African Americans, women, and eighteen year old individuals now have the liberty that was not afforded to them in the beginning of this great nation. They fought for this right, and many gave their lives for this privilege.Why would they believe this right is so important? They knew that the right to vote meant that lawmakers would have to listen to their needs to insure their reelections. The right to vote meant power. Voting in America is definitely a privilege, but there are flaws in the system. The first defect is the Electoral College that elects the president. T he electors meet in each State on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December (December 13, 2004). A majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the President and Vice President.No Constitutional provision or Federal law requires electors to vote in accordance with the popular vote in their State. (NARA) This factor takes away the right of the people to choose the president. The popular vote is the real will of the people. Four times in the history of the election for the president the popular vote and the electoral votes were at odds. The first was in 1824 when Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but John Quincy Adams was chosen to be president instead. Other times were Samuel J. Tilden vs. Rutherford B. Hayes, Grover Cleveland vs. Benjamin Harrison, and in the recent 2000 election Albert Gore vs. George W.Bush. It is impossible to judge whether the right decision was made or not, but that is not the point. The American voters should have been the ones to make the decision. The other flaw that should be addressed is the right of college students to vote in the area where they are attending school. They should use the absentee ballot of there state, county and town where they have resided. Of registered voters between the ages of 18 and 24 (typically referred to as college students), 32 percent vote. Now, certainly there are reasons for this, shedding a negative light on both the system that we are in and the kids that live with us.(Luckett) The problem is that while students are of age and should have the right to, they should not be making local decisions in the town and county where they are only going to be residing for a few years. In most cases, out of town students will pack up and move away from their college when they graduate or decide no to finish. There is nothing wrong with that, except for the fact that since they knew they would not reside in that area for a long period of time, they had no motivation to properly think abou t the consequences of their votes.When long term residents cast their votes they know that they will live with the results of the election for the rest of their lives, and that it will affect their children and grandchildren as well. America offers its citizens a wonderful opportunity to have a say in their government. Their decisions will lives for generations to come. That does not mean that the voting system is perfect. These problems can be solved and America can remain the greatest country in the world. Works Cited â€Å"A Procedural Guide to the Electoral College,† NARA, 30, May, 2007 < http://www.archives. gov/federal-register/electoral-college/procedural_guide. html> â€Å"Elections. † Info USA, 30, May, 2007 < http://www. archiv es. gov/federal- register/electoralcollege/procedural_guide. html> Grossman, Wendy M. â€Å"Ballot Breakdown† Scientific American. 19, January 2004 Luckett, Wade. â€Å"Voting Lets College Students Have Say in the Future of Am erica. † Flyer News. September 26, 2003

Effective approach to summary writing

Effective approach to summary writing Summary writing tips If you are able to produce a great piece of summary writing, it means that you know how to analyze works thoroughly. Thus, when reading your paper, users will clearly understand the message you want to convey to them. It may be complicated to produce such a work, as it should be concise as well as informative. Nevertheless, if you take the steps provided below, you will learn to write a superior summarizing piece. Make a detailed analysis At this stage, you need to scan the text you are going to analyze. Then, divide it into units and pay close attention to headings. Make sure that you know the meanings of the terms that are used in the work which you need to summarize. Read the text When the process of preparation is completed, you may start reading the text. It is necessary to pay attention to the author’s writing style and methods used for formulating the key point of the work. It will help you produce a good summary. Reread the work At this point, you need to underline the arguments provided to develop author’s ideas. Furthermore, you should highlight the topic sentences. It is also useful to mark the paragraphs which you are going to make reference to when writing your paper. At the same time, you need to single out those parts of the text that do not provide any valuable information about the topic of the summarized work. One more tip on how to write a summary is to determine unclear sections of the text. Note that you have to clarify them. Start writing You have already divided the text into sections and underlined the key points of the analyzed work. Now, you may begin producing your paper. Start with formulating the main idea of each unit. Try to write it in one sentence. Produce a thesis statement Note that it is a fundamental element of summaries. When writing a summary, you need to formalize a good thesis statement. In order to achieve it, you should go back to the previous step and read the formulated main idea one more time. Then, present a statement that will show the central point of the work which you need to summarize. If any difficulties with producing a thesis occur, check whether the main idea is formulated clearly. Write the first draft Students are always eager to find out how to write a good summary. Actually, it is not very difficult. You should start with writing a draft. Note that a thesis statement can be an opening sentence of your paper. You have to make sure that the sentences are written in a logical order when constructing the body paragraphs. You should use different transitions to provide a smooth information flow. When preparing your work, you should also keep in mind the following points: Use the verbs in the present tense; Indicate the title of the analyzed text and author’s name; Provide information succinctly. Note that your essay summary should be shorter than the original composition. Cite quotations. Do not express your opinion about the analyzed text. Remember that your task is to convey the author’s message to readers. Make a thorough check You should read your paper and make sure that the author’s ideas are presented well. Â  In addition, check whether, the direct quotes are cited properly. You need to be certain that your work does not provide your comments on the text you have been analyzing. Make revision Note that summary essays have to be revised as well as other academic works. You need to check your paper for style, grammar, spelling, and punctuation. You may also ask one of your friends to read your paper. Ask them whether the essay is comprehensible. If there any unclear parts, you should revise them and provide more details to make your piece of writing coherent. Below, there is more useful information on how to write a summary paper in the best way. Consider the following: You should know that summaries should be concise. If you have to summarize a book, you need to analyze all its parts, i.e. beginning, climax, ending, etc. In order to make an interesting review, you should describe in detail the events happening in a book and its main characters. If your summary essay is outstanding, readers will understand easily what the analyzed book is about and where the discussed action takes place. One more type of summary writing is chapter summaries. What are their key features? Such a paper should briefly describe the events discussed in book chapters. Moreover, it should present the main idea of the book, indicate principal and minor characters, and describe the place where the action is performed. It is very useful to read such summaries. Do you want to know why? The point is that they provide valuable information about a particular character or event. Thus, you may use it for preparing your own work.

To kill a mocking bird Essay

To kill a mocking bird Essay To kill a mocking bird Essay Be Yourself - Ellen Bailey Why would you want to be someone else When you could be better by being yourself Why pretend to be someone you are not When you have something they haven't got Cheating yourself of the life you have to live Deprives others of that only which you can give You have much more to offer by being just you Than walking around in someone else's shoes Trying to live the life of another is a mistake It is a masquerade; nothing more than a fake Be yourself and let your qualities show through Others will love you more for being just you Remember that God loves you just as you are To Him you are already a bright shining star Family and friends will love you more too If you spent time practicing just being you. I chose this text because I felt that this is a concept myself and other people in the world today are failing to understand. I myself, try to be someone else I’m not, like a celebrity or someone I aspire to become. Lots of times I tend to question my identity. I sometimes ask myself questions like ‘who am I?’ or ‘do I have any purpose in life?’, ‘why do I look like this?’ or ‘I’m I truly worth a lot†. Sometimes I try to escape reality by becoming someone else, trying to become that person instead of being myself. Because of these doubts that I feel, I am easily influenced by around me, especially the media. Sometimes, I feel that if I don’t change, people would not be able accept me for who I am but accept me by becoming someone or something else. I think the message the author tries to demonstrate in the poem is self image. Self image is how are person perceives themselves. The author tries to tell the audience that having a negative self image is wrong and lowers a person’s self esteem. In todays society people tend to be criticized on how they look, how their personality is or their racial or ethnic features. People are strongly affected by what they see on tv. Magazines are normally filled with picture of thin and beautiful young women and muscular young males. People are influenced by these images and try to be like their favorite stars. These images that are shown by the media, are an illusion created by makeup, hours of styling and photography. People also try to change themselves to suit the likes of others. People aren’t always accepted by others in society because of the way the look or their personality. They try to make themselves into something they aren’t, to suit the

fall of okonkwo essays

fall of okonkwo essays In Chinua Achebes novel Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo has many character faults and imperfections. Okonkwos unmanageable anger and fears do not allow him to live a life of greatness. In Okonkwos Ibo tribe he is loved and feared. Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villages and even beyond...He brought honor to his tribe by throwing Amalinze the Cat... (3). In Okonkwos society, power is claimed by making a name for yourself, even if fame is reached through combat. Although honor is an important quality, when violence is used to obtain it, it becomes less respected and admirable. Prosperity was visible in his household... his own hut stood behind the only gate in the red walls. Each of his three wives had her own hut...long stacks of yams stood out prosperously in the barn... Okonkwo offers prayers on the behalf of himself, his three wives, and eight children. (14) Okonkwos dedication to his family and his crops is similar to his ability to kill, which gives him power. Okonkwo influences everyone around him to take part in hard labor like he does. Having such a large family gives Okonkwo pride as head supporter of the family. Okonkwo had a fear of failure which I believe was influenced by his father and eventually conquered him. Okonkwos father had a reputation of being poor and his wife and children had just barely enough to eat...they swore never to lend him any more money because he never paid back. (5) In Umuofia, a father is supposed to teach children values. Right and wrong were not taught. Okonkwo taught himself that a superior person was a reverse of who his father was. Because of Okonkwos fear to be seen as weak, he even kills a child that calls him father. He heard Ikemefuna cry my father, they have killed me!... Okonkwo draws his machete and... cuts him down... He does not want to be though weak. (61)...

Applied Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Applied Problem Solving - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that the structure of centralization will face resistance to change given that some members of the management team would not willingly minimize their power and authority to the subordinates. Another likely hurdle is inadequacy of resources and the necessary finance to oversee the transitional process of change and integration of better approaches such as brainstorming. Further, the time required to develop a delegated system of the company is a constraint given training and repositioning must be conducted while still in operation.This study highlights that the organization structure of the organization was analyzed by the author in order to develop an in depth understanding of the process of decision making and the personnel involved in implementing the derived conclusions, so that constraints can be easily identified. The author reviewed relevant literature relating to the organization and talked to different people such as; key staff in the company, managers in organizations that have introduced and managed similar change and analysts from professional and trade associations.  The author’s organization maximizes its constraint throughput by using the available resources at the time it is discovered. The objective is to establish rapid relief while forming a basis where more complex and advanced analysis of the constraint can do in a later period.

CASE5 599 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CASE5 599 - Coursework Example 133) A reinforcing loop generally develops the market value of a company along with its policy framework and a clear cut course of action. For instance in the case of a company like Whole Foods Market, the management is actively implementing the core value of satisfying and gratifying their customers with an intention to retain them. This is giving rise to a reinforcing loop. The loop starts at the core value specification, which can be diagnosed as the causal factor. The loop is processed through the organization’s customer oriented activities culminating at customer centric relationship management. The loop is then reinforced by the returning customers. This happens in consequence to the causal policy that finally results into its reiteration by the virtue of the company’s active and deployable business methods. â€Å"Balancing loops are system processes triggered to bring the system back to a preestablished norm† (Notter and Grantt, 2011, p. 133) A balancing l oop is a kind of automatic control within the organization which may bring about considerable damage if not terminated in proper time. This is a case in which a system is constrained within highly tacit parameters (Notter and Grant, 2011; Sterman, 2000). ... This oversensitivity in establishing one of the primary core values to deal with the marketing processes appears to be causing a balancing loop. The loop is executing through the unopposed policy specification and then exposing the organization to tougher competition. Figure – 1: The Reinforcement Loop formed due to Customer Centric Management Figure – 2: Setting product quality specifications with excessive stringency may lead to a negative balancing loop Part 2 Traditionally, scholars and professionals in the field of management and business research used to accept the notion of organizational learning, but its definition and theory remained unclear for a considerable period of time. However, as early as 1985, Fiol and Lyles (1985, p. 804) pointed out that â€Å"Some agreement exists that distinctions must be made between individual and organizational learning.† Consequently, it becomes an imperative to contemplate on the concept that individual learning is vit al for an organization, but organizational learning cannot be regarded as merely the sum total of each member’s erudition. An organization, unlike an individual, builds up and maintains learning mechanisms. These mechanisms influence the organization’s immediate members. Moreover, these mechanisms help in transmitting the learning outcomes to others by the means of organizational histories, paradigms, and norms. (Notter and Grant, 2011; Argyris, 1990; Fiol and Lyles, 1985) So the theory of organizational learning has emerged on the fundamentals of the earlier works regarding organizational processes and needs. In providing a summary on the most important information on organizational learning (especially at the executive level), reviewing the works of Dixon (1999) can be highly rewarding.

Freedom and Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom and Justice - Essay Example How affordable is higher education for Americans? What sorts of conflicts has higher education produced? These questions and many more will be addressed and applied to a holistic analysis of higher education in the United States. Conflict theory evolved from Marxism and focuses on what it perceives are inherent conflicts within society. Marxists perceive conflict to be endemic when resources are scarce and argue that our social system – capitalism – is the most unequal system when it comes to resource allocation and distribution. Private property, capital and social classes are all important characteristics of an inegalitarian society. An unequal division of labour and class exploitation is said to lead to conflict according to this theory (Wallerstein, 1974). A Conflict Theorist would immediately point out the inequalities surrounding higher education in the United States and would argue that higher education promotes class difference and exploitation of the masses. Seeing higher education as a tool for upward social mobility, Conflict Theorists would assert that the lack of accessibility of higher education in the United States maintains the unequal status between social classes, ensuring tha t the wealthy remain wealthy and the poor in America remain poor. Conflict Theorists point out that exorbitant costs to attend colleges and universities ensure that only the wealthy can access higher education and thus reaps the benefit of having a Bachelors Degree, Masters Degree or PhD. Affordability, or lack thereof, essentially promotes the existing class structure to the detriment of the greater society. The implication is a society stratified by class and educational attainment. Those without access to the elite ivory towers of America’s universities and colleges will forever remain in the bottom rung of society. Conflict will exist between those who have the means to attend university and those who do

Journal response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Journal response - Essay Example Unstable governments induce poverty. Socialism focuses on a centrally planned economy. Lack of freedom in the society agitates poverty and insecurity. Rigid and unproductive government sprouts from dictatorship and lack of socialism, economic underdevelopment, devastation of war and reject from other countries affect the application of socialism. Socialism depends on the people’s contribution and inputs. Lenin focuses on the mass participation in the social economic and political roll of their government. From my understanding, cold war accounted for economic socialism and political authentication. Socio- economic policies influence freedom and dictatorship of any regime. British and the Anglo-French had capitalistic rivalry because of their difference in ideologies that brought about rivalry. Introduction of socio- economic policies and unity helped end tension between the two (Luxemburg 1961). In conclusion, socialism secures freedom. In-cooperation of socialism links to the end of poor government regimes and cold war. Public opinion and democracy mobilize freedom and socialism, mass involvement and decision making in socio-political matters benefits the economic

Video Gamers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Video Gamers - Essay Example Because the systems and new games are not usually available at bargain prices, this world is also often filled with those individuals who have a decent amount of disposable income available to them, aka young professionals. While all gamers seem to feel it’s important to solve the game’s challenge and tend to lose themselves in the action of the game sometimes to the effect of losing track of real time, different types of games attract different types of gamers (â€Å"Profile†, 2006). For example, Halo 2, Half-Life 2 and FEAR, which are first person shooter games, would be likely to attract gamers who have a high need to succeed and expect to beat the game even on their first play. Multiplayer games like Counter Strike, while still featuring similar characteristics to the games listed above, can often appeal to those individuals who enjoy a challenge and don’t mind spending the time necessary to meet it. When not able to actually be at home and involved in their particular favorite video game, gamers can often be found participating in activities that further their video game world, such as shopping for new gadgets or researching new games. Because of the nature of the video game world and the involvement of players within this world, gamers are usually not involved in many other leisure-type activities, preferring to devote their time to solving the latest game challenge or investigating the new technologies available for game development. However, gamers are not necessarily isolated individuals secretly plugging away at defeating the latest cyber enemy in the dark.

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) - Essay Example PVC is highly unstable and therefore it requires stabilization which can be done in several ways. One of the common ways is prevention of dehydrochlorination. This process involves the addition of other compounds like metal oxides in order to stop or slow dehydroclorination. Most of the commercially available PVC is understood to be anamorphous glass like polymer that has crystalline structure. These crystallites are made up of few monomers that are arranged syndiotactically. As such, the appearance appears to be flowing grains that has primary aggregates embedded in them. It is often claimed that there are sub-primary particles embedded in the flowing grains but this has remained controversial. The PVC’s phase structure combines with several compounds such as chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) and acrylo-nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). This phase is predicated upon compatibility as well as process temperature and blending during mechanical blending. An increase of the temperature during mechanical processing of PVC to levels higher than the critical levels recommended for first degree particle fusion leads to shift. The shift leads to an inversion whereby there is a higher rubber content with 30% being non

Journal response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Journal response - Essay Example Unstable governments induce poverty. Socialism focuses on a centrally planned economy. Lack of freedom in the society agitates poverty and insecurity. Rigid and unproductive government sprouts from dictatorship and lack of socialism, economic underdevelopment, devastation of war and reject from other countries affect the application of socialism. Socialism depends on the people’s contribution and inputs. Lenin focuses on the mass participation in the social economic and political roll of their government. From my understanding, cold war accounted for economic socialism and political authentication. Socio- economic policies influence freedom and dictatorship of any regime. British and the Anglo-French had capitalistic rivalry because of their difference in ideologies that brought about rivalry. Introduction of socio- economic policies and unity helped end tension between the two (Luxemburg 1961). In conclusion, socialism secures freedom. In-cooperation of socialism links to the end of poor government regimes and cold war. Public opinion and democracy mobilize freedom and socialism, mass involvement and decision making in socio-political matters benefits the economic

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) - Essay Example PVC is highly unstable and therefore it requires stabilization which can be done in several ways. One of the common ways is prevention of dehydrochlorination. This process involves the addition of other compounds like metal oxides in order to stop or slow dehydroclorination. Most of the commercially available PVC is understood to be anamorphous glass like polymer that has crystalline structure. These crystallites are made up of few monomers that are arranged syndiotactically. As such, the appearance appears to be flowing grains that has primary aggregates embedded in them. It is often claimed that there are sub-primary particles embedded in the flowing grains but this has remained controversial. The PVC’s phase structure combines with several compounds such as chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) and acrylo-nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). This phase is predicated upon compatibility as well as process temperature and blending during mechanical blending. An increase of the temperature during mechanical processing of PVC to levels higher than the critical levels recommended for first degree particle fusion leads to shift. The shift leads to an inversion whereby there is a higher rubber content with 30% being non

Human Behavior in Organization Essay Example for Free

Human Behavior in Organization Essay Human behavior in an organization determines the quality of work, progress and success of the organization. No machine and no computer can work by itself. No product is developed and manufactured by itself. Its the workforce or rather the human resources of an organization who develop ideas, create new products and services and then deliver them to the markets. Thus, it is important for the management of an organization to analyze the behavior of its entire work force. Human performance consulting is in vogue today, thanks to the greater emphasis on he psychology of the people behind the desk. Every organization differs from the other with respect to its policies, work environment, recruitment process, Job evaluation and culture. The most natural human tendency is to react positively and with great intensity where they are compensated well, encouraged well and get additional perks and holidays. In no way is it being suggested that an organization should overpay its staff. However, it must be kept in mind that the organization must treat its work force with immense dignity and respect and provide sufficient compensation. Even make the cleaning staff in your organization feel special and encourage them to do their task in the best possible way! The work force must be treated as an asset, not a liability, and once this is done you will notice remarkable change in the collective human behavior. Apart from the internal environment of the office, the external personal environment plays a major role in his/her behavior and attitude. We are social animals with unique aspirations, hopes, insecurities. Only those who enjoy their work can have a healthy balance between personal and professional life. Those who dont enjoy their work will most likely not be satisfied with the work nor be content in their personal life due to the imbalance that exists. One important way to analyze human behavior is to study the relationship effectiveness. How effectively your staff communicates and relates to each other can tell you how much they care for their work and the people around them. Without proper training the office dynamic can become imbalanced Just like any natural system. It is not likely for an accountant or a biologist to sit and study human behavior ffectively. You must have trained experts who understand the unique challenges the workplace brings. Not everybody is gifted with the skill to foresee a persons behavior beforehand. JM Perry, through his coaching packages, helps develop these skills inside organizations. You can have professionals attending one-on-one sessions or learning through live chats or audio-video CDs. After completing Perrys coaching you will be able to comprehend how to analyze human behavior and how to improve your behavior.

Sulphide solubility in magma

Sulphide solubility in magma Abstract This essay aims to define the controls on sulphide solubility in magma, such as pressure, temperature and element activity. Chalcophile elements, elements of low abundance, form sulphide and arsenide minerals but are not stable at high temperatures of igneous crystallization. The relation of the processes of sulphide solubility against the relative outcomes for chalcophile elements will be looked into. Introduction Sulphur (or sulfur) is a natural substance; its elementary state is a crystalline solid of yellow colour. Sulphur is found in various forms, as mineral sulphides and sulphates, such as galena and cinnabar. Magmatic sulphide deposits with Nickel-Copper-Platinum-group elements are a result of segregation and concentration of liquid sulphide from mafic or ultramafic magma, and the screening of chalcophile elements into these deposits from the silicate magma. (A. J. Naldrett 2004) Due to the variation of sulphide deposits, it is convenient to relate the magmatic sulphide deposits to the bodies of mafic or ultramafic rock in terms of the composition of the magma associated with these rocks. It is then reasonable to investigate the geochemical and geophysical setting and the processes in which these deposits are formed. According to A. J. Naldrett, 2004, the key aspects in the creation of magmatic sulphide deposits are that the magma saturation in sulphide and segregation of the immiscible sulphide has to be concentrated locally with a sufficient amount of magma concentrating chalcophile elements to comprise ore of economic value. In conditions of normal mafic magma cooling and crystallization, no early segregation of liquid sulphides are noticed. This implies that the magma would have to be saturated in sulphide in the igneous body state. The assumption is that there is a process prior to the magmas extrusion from the ground, and final emplacement, where sulphide saturation is caused. The above assumption is reinforced due to the fact that most basaltic magmas, other than Mid Ocean Rig Basalts, have high contents of Platinum Group elements. The Controls The mantle has an estimated concentration of 300-1,000 parts per million (Sun 1982). This is believed to be the primary source of the sulphur carried in basaltic magmas. The solubility of sulphur is controlled by temperature, pressure, contents iron oxide and titanium oxide and their activity in the melt, oxygen and sulphur fugacity, the oxidation state of the melt and the mafic versus the felsic components in the melt. (Fincham Richardson 1954, Haughton et a. 1974, Shima Naldrett 1975, Buchanan Nolan 1979, Buchanan et al. 1983) These factors, or otherwise conditions, of sulphide solubility in the melt will be explored in order to record the effects of the controls of sulphur solubility against the deposits composition. Leaving the mantle, and entering the crust of the earth, the melts can either be intrusive or extrusive, yet the fundamental pressure temperature relation for sulphide solubility, from mantle to the crust in liquid state, remains the same. Pressure and temperature increase with depth; according to Marvrogenes and ONeil (1999), increased pressure presents a negative effect on a silicate melt, dissolving less sulphide. As pressure decreases and the melt reaches the surface, it ability to dissolve iron sulphide increases. Considering that the majority of melts leave the mantle unsaturated in sulphide, as they reach lower depths, while the pressure and temperature decrease, the sulphide saturation is not achieved; furthermore the temperature decrease can offset this relation, causing further decrease in sulphur solubility. (Buchanan and Nolan 1979) Exiting the mantle, sulphide segregation will occur after the silicates initiate crystallization. Therefore, the sulphides will be assorted with the silicate grain. The simultaneous crystallization, as a function of temperature and pressure conditions along with the composition of the liquid sulphide would produce a sulphide rich deposit (for nickel and copper dominant magmatic deposits against platinum group element magmatic deposits) only if an external factor could intervene. This factor, or condition, would reinforce the sulphide segregation, without further enhancing silicate crystallization. At isothermal conditions of 1200oC, Buchanan 1988, sulphur content in the silicate melt decreases with the increase of oxygen fugacity (fO2) at constant sulphur fugacity (fSÂ ­2). Furthermore, the study displays a correlation between sulphur (wt % S2) content and iron oxide (FeO %), with a logarithmic increase on the field of saturation. On the other hand, the compositions of the melt in terms of the variation of content of iron oxides (FeO) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) diversify the ability of the melt to dissolve sulphide. The increase or decrease of oxide content in the melt is correlated to the sulphide solubility in the mixture. Oxidation is capable of causing the formation of an insoluble sulphide in the melt as a result of a reaction within the liquid between the soluble substances, usually without causing silicates crystallization. Oxygen and sulphur fugacity, and their relation to the pressure temperature setting, along with their ratio, are important factors for sulphide solubility. Induction of sulphur from an external source, and the felsification of a mafic magma are important causes of sulphide segregation. Silicate magma reacts with the sulphide liquid, resulting in the formation of the magmatic sulphide deposit. The ratio of reaction and the composition of both the sulphide liquid and the silicate magma , along with the controls on which the elements react are responsible for the final outcome. Buchanan 1988, determined the solubility of sulphur as a function of sulphur fugacity (fS2) in a basaltic melt containing 17 wt% iron monoxide (FeO) at a range of 1000 to 1400oC. Although the fugacity of oxygen and sulphur remain constant, the rate of increase of sulphur solubility drops from a factor of 10 times per 100oC at 1100oC, reduced to 3 times at 1400oC, implying that there is a threshold of maxima in sulphur saturation with temperature increase; the saturation is achieved in 1450oC. Hence, the actual sulphur content increases with temperature but decreases in rate, although with higher sulphur fugacity saturation is achieved at lower temperatures. The increase in sulphur content with increase temperature is reinforced by the experiments of Haughton et al 1974 and Shima and Naldrett 1975, for which, although the figures are of different nature for direct comparison, the fact remains that the sulphur content actually increases with temperature, making this a control of sulphu r solubility in the magmatic melt. The studies and experimental conditions on which pressure is investigated as a control in sulphur solubility are vast and vary on their conditions. The outcome of different studies such as Haung and Williams 1980 and Wendlandt 1982, indicate that under natural conditions increase in pressure has a negative effect on sulphur content. In contrast, the increase of FeO levels in the melt increase the sulphur solubility and this is confirmed by Mavrogenes and ONeil 1999, where the study of basaltic melts with 6-14 wt% FeO on pressures varying from 5-90 kilo bars and temperatures of 1400oC and 1800oC shows increase sulphur content at sulphide saturation with pressure. Sulphur can be found dissolved in an aqueous fluid. The sulphur content of the fluid is determined by its sulphur dioxide against hydrogen sulphide ratio (SO2:H2S). The ratio (Misra K.C. 1999) increases with increasing oxygen fugacity (fO2) of the initial magma before the start of second melting. Aqueous fluids originating from high oxygen fugacity magmas (I-type; high fO2) may contain large quantities of sulphur dioxide (SO2) as well as hydrogen sulphide (H2S). At lower temperatures on cooling hydrolysis of the SO2 (4SO2 + 4H2O = H2S + 3H2SO4) or its reaction with Fe2+ bearing minerals of the wallrocks (SO2 + 6FeO + H2O = H2S +3Fe2O3) increases the activity of H2S, causing precipitation of sulphide ore minerals from the metal-chloride complexes in the aqueous solution. On the other hand, aqueous fluids originating from low oxygen fugacity magmas (S-type; low fO2) may contain as much H2S as those derived from high oxygen fugacity, but because of lower oxygen fugacity they contain les s sulphur dioxide so the total amount of sulphur is smaller. Thus, aqueous fluids that separate from I-type magmas tend to produce Cu-Mo-Zn-Fe sulphide deposits, whereas fluids from S-type magmas generally precipitate smaller quantities of sulphides, mainly pyrrhotite, and correspondingly larger quantities of oxides, such as cassiterite (Burnham Ohmoto 1980). In either case, the precipitation of sulphides form metal-chloride complexes is accompanied by generation of HCl. The HCl and the H2SO4 produced by SO2 hydrolysis are consumed by acid alternation of aluminosilicate minerals in the wallrocks. (Misra K.C. 1999) Chalcophile Elements The partitioning of Chalcophile metal elements between sulphides and silicate metals are referred to as metals with low concentration, such as Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and Colbat (Co) are exchanged with elements of higher concentration, like Iron (Fe). The Nernst coefficient of partitioning, arranged for iron substitution is the ratio of the products of the % (per cent) weights of the elements substituted. References Buchanan D. L. (1988). Development in Economic Geology Platinum-Group Element Exploration. Elsevier. ISBN 0444429581 Naldrett A. J. (2004). Magmatic Sulfide Deposits : Geology, Geochemistry and Exploration. Springer. ISBN 3540223177 Mungall J. E. (2005). Exploration for Platinum-Group Elements Deposits. Mineral Association of Canada. ISBN 0921294352 Misra K. C. (1999). Understanding Mineral Deposites. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0045530092 Whitney J.A. (1989). Ore Deposition Associated with magmas. Society of Economic Geologists. ISBN 0961307439 Vaughan D. J. (1977) Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521214890

search engines :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Internet commerce is one of the fastest growing industries today. With the wide range of capabilities the web has it make it easier and cost efficient for businesses to make transactions with other businesses. One factor that allows businesses to find each other is search engines. Search engines are part of the reason the web is growing so rapidly.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Search engines have many capabilities from using key words or phrases to find what you are looking for to using general statements to browse the web. But what exactly is a search engine? Search engines are huge databases of web page files that have been assembled automatically by machine. There are two types of search engines. One type is the individual search engine. This type of search engine compiles its information on to its own database making it accessible when you use that particular engine. It does not use any other engine?s information to help with your search. Then there are the meta-searchers which do not have their own databases. They use a combination of individual search engine?s information simultaneously, from a single site and using the same interface. Meta-searchers provide a quick way of finding out which engines are retrieving the best results for you in your search. There are two ways that Meta-searchers show their results. Most use a single l ist which display multiple-engine search results in a single merged list and had removed all the duplicate entries from the list. The second way that they display their results is through multiple lists. These are separate lists in which are displayed as they are received from each engine leaving the duplicate entries on the list.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Search engines are not very complex in the way that they work. Each search engine sends out spiders to bots into web space going from link to link identifying all pages that it can. After the spiders get to a web page they generally index all the words on that page that are publicly available pages at the site. They then store this information into their databases and when you run a search it matches they key words you searched with the words on the page that the spider indexed. However when you are searching the web using a search engine, you are not searching the entire web as it is presently. You are looking at what the spiders indexed in the past.

George Balanchine Essay -- Biography Biographies

George Balanchine One of the most important and influential people in the world of ballet is George Balanchine. He became a legend long before he died. He brought the standards of dance up to a level that had never been seen before, and he created a new audience for ballet. Balanchine was one of the greatest and most prolific choreographers in ballet history, choreographing at least 300 ballets; he was rivaled in quantity only by Jules Perrot and Marius Petipa. At the age of nine he started training at the Imperial School in St. Petersburg. He rarely saw his family because they lived far away and he became the ward of Grigory Grigorevich, who was in charge of the school. There Balanchine performed his first role as cupid in Sleeping Beauty. During the Russian Revolution in 1917, the Imperial School closed and the students were put out on the street. Balanchine was cut off from his family in the Caucasus, and was taken in to live with Mr. Grigorevich. The school did reopen and Balanchine graduated in 1921. He then joined the Soviet State Ballet. Upon graduation Balanchine married Geva, a fellow student whom he had met in the ballroom dancing class. Geva described her husband as a cross between a poet and a general. In order to have his choreography seen, Blanchine organized a small company called The Young Ballet, to perform at halturas (bread and butter jobs). At the Maryinsky, Balanchine had been assigned to stage the procession in Rimski-Korsakoff's opera Coq d'Or, and what he devised, although beautiful, shattered tradition. The company tried to re-train him, but he wouldn't conform. His choreography continued to be controversial, so the board at the Maryinsky Theater dis... ...he marriage had never been consummated. For Tanaquil LeClerq, his fourth wife (whom he married in 1952) he created La Valze (1951), Bourrà ©e Fantasque (1949) Western Symphony and Ivesiana (both in1954). Her career ended after she was tragically stricken with polio. Before their divorce was finalized Balanchine became infatuated with his final protà ©gà ©, Suzanne Farrell, for whom he created many of his last great ballets: Mozartiana (1981), Don Quixote (1965), and Diamonds in Jewels (1967). After Balanchine recovered from a mysterious illness, he continued to work until his death. He died of Jakob-Creutzfeldt syndrome, on April 30, 1983. Balanchine's funeral was held in a Russian Orthodox Church and that night the New York City Ballet performed as scheduled. Balanchine’s repretare is still widely performed and he has made a mjor impact on the world of ballet.

Code of Conduct BLANK, Inc Essay

To ensure the safety of each employee and customer of BLANK, Inc., each member of the company must understand, comply to, and sign the company’s code of conduct. 1. Employees must maintain the highest standard of business conduct by providing only accurate and truthful business records. The company must relay on the honesty of the employee to accurately maintain business operations and records. 2. Employees must not mishandle company property and equipment. Each employee must maintain his or her work space and equipment for safety purposes. 3. Employees must protect confidential information. Protecting clients and company confidential information is of high importance, not only for the company and existing clients but also future clients. 4. Employees must treat fellow employees and clients with respect and dignity. Any form of harassment and / or discrimination, intentional or unintentional, about, including but not limited to, race, culture, gender, and sexual orientation will not be tolerated. 5.Employees must not enter into any conflicts of interest with other companies of the same business. The employees are forbidden to conduct business with other companies in the same business. By signing this Code of Conduct the employee understands and complies with each point. The employee also understands that by signing the Code of Conduct, this document becomes a binding contract between the employee and BLANK, Inc.. Violating these rules an employee can and will be disciplined in the form of suspension and/ or termination of BLANK, Inc. In case of termination, the former employee will not allowed to conduct business of the same as BLANK, Inc. within 100-mile radius.

Organizational Impact Paper Essay

Both manufacturing and the service industry drive today’s economy, not only domestically but globally. Innovation, design, and creativity are essential to each organizational type. A company must find its niche and create a name for itself that differentiates itself from all others within its branding. By having the creativity to take another company to the next level all three aspects must be balanced. The restaurant industry is very complex and offers a great variety to customers. Innovation, design, and creativity can be seen in each company. Restaurants include everything from fast food settings to fine dining, inexpensive to expensive pricing, American food to Asian cuisine. The restaurant industry strictly caters to the needs and wants of the public. Fast food has become a necessity with the growing fast pace of life. Companies such as McDonalds, Five Guys, Taco Bell, and Subway have not only created different menus in relation to daily meals but also have created a healthier choice menu. Offering different varieties is a form of innovation. Innovating new concepts and ideas will create a name and buzz that will be beneficial to the company. For example, when Wendy’s created the first value menu in 1989, items were 99 cents (â€Å"Wendy’s â€Å", 2013). This was innovative and created an option for those on a tight budget. With the popularity of the value menu other chains followed suit including, Taco Bell, McDonalds, and Burger King. Designing of a menu, concept, building, even a drive through is important to the restaurant industry. Design goes down to specific details and even reasons why colors are chosen. For example, researchers have discovered the color red makes people hungry (Buswell, 2013). It is very common to drive past several chains and notice they all share some sort of red color in the logo or building structure. Designing a menu that caters to a crowd with dietary restrictions is growing ever more popular. By creating a dietary menu options are given to those that may not usually patron a chain. This creates new customers and more profit for a restaurant. Creativity is also important within the service industry. With a growing list of options to choose from to dine there has to be an element of creativity to attract customers. Restaurants such as Black Angus  Steakhouse offer a mailing club that sends out a free birthday meal up to 20.99 for anyone that signs up for coupons and emails (â€Å"Black Angus†, 2013). Not only does this bring people in that may only go out to a nice sit down steakhouse a few times a year but it also provides an incentive to return, as w ell as spend money in the restaurant. By giving a coupon or free item customers feel as though they are getting a deal and tend to spend more money since they are already saving somewhere else. Restaurants hope that offering deals will not only create a reoccurring guest, but the savings will entice consumers to purchase a dessert, cocktail, or add on item. The same three principles go for manufacturing companies such as General Motors Corporation. General Motors offers a multitude of designs including Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac, and GMC. GM prides itself on being creative and innovative within its industry. According to â€Å"General Motors Corporation† (2014), â€Å"We challenge ourselves to be creative and lead in everything we do† (Our Company). Having a clear innovative approach has shown beneficial throughout the economic struggle. Learning and offering new concepts has helped secure GM within the car manufacturing industry. Listening to consumer’s needs and wants when purchasing a vehicle have been heard. Creating a new design concepts not only in the factory but in the car lots can help with sales. Finding the most cost efficient way of producing a vehicle, marketing to a specific genre of people, and creating life time customers is the goal. Each year new concept cars or upgrades are made to the previous year’s model. By updating and adapting features, consumer interest grows. A new design in Arizona offers clients the opportunity to get a haircut, pedicure, lunch, and offer daycare at no cost when in the market for a new car. The Toyota Company has created a more relaxed approach to the buying of a vehicle. This is an unheard of approach that General Motors could learn from. By providing an environment that is relaxed and enjoyable consumers may be more inclined to visit that dealership. All three concepts can be easily defined in each industry. Although, this is just an overview of how the three principles all work together, the principles run deeply through the core of the company. Creativity, innovation, and design spread throughout each branch within a company. When one department excels within these principles great things can be created, and new ideas can blossom. The future for the restaurant industry and manufacturing industry look bright and promising for years to come, as long as new ideas, and concepts and created.

Answer ls week 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Answer ls week 6 - Essay Example The stakeholders need to be taken by the management as the principal assets of the organization. Therefore, managers in making decisions need to involve and take into account the interest of all the stakeholders in a given organization. The stakeholders of a given organization in most cases are taken to include the community, employees, suppliers and customers as well the potential investors and shareholders (Cots 2011). Hence, the responsibility of managers in a company is to serve the interests of all its stakeholders, which in most instances is called â€Å"stakeholder management†, which is commonly negated with the principle form of corporate governance, whereby the stakeholder interests are principal. Therefore, it is within the ethics of management to treat the interests of the stakeholders equally without favoring a given stakeholder. This implies that the stakeholder management has the ethical responsibility of serving all the interest of the stakeholders present for-p rofit corporations, which will not conflict with the present system of corporate governance (Parmar, B.L. et al. 2010). The stakeholder management must assume that management decision-making is the primary means by which the benefits of corporate wealth creation are given to the stakeholders , however , these accrued benefits might be also be obtained by other categories that interact with the corporation in many other ways, which in most cases is through the market (Cots 2011). As a result, it will be worth mentioning that management will unethically be acting by failing to serve the interests of the organization’s stakeholders who are involved in day-to-day creation of wealth. In addition, stakeholder management in an organization is right; nevertheless, to put emphasis on the moral/ethical aspect that every stakeholder group must benefit from corporate activity is paramount. This also makes managers to be aware of their moral responsibility to develop wealth that will even tually benefit all the stakeholders groups Question Two The idea of authenticity has become primary aspect in management among the large organizations that need to promote workplace conditions significantly. I believe am an authentic leader because, authentic leadership entails leaders creating opportunities and strategies that will promote a common good for all the members of the organization. This means that as an authentic leader am able to inspire all the company’s stakeholders by serving their interests as well as that of the company. Since am an authentic leader I have transformed my organization to greater heights of success (Cots 2011). By employing my authentic leadership standards and principles to the element of diversity work, as a leader I have been able to acquire understanding and support for the work, find out the conflict between organizational and individual behaviors and principles, which serve as barriers, and create significant relationships for organizat ional growth – all planned to intensify responsiveness and understanding and responsiveness for the value diversity has on organizational existence (Parmar, B.L. et al. 2010). Being an authentic leader, who can dig beneath the surface by discovering my purpose, principles, morals, and how I build relationships, has enabled me to lay a foundation for a greater obligation to organizational growth. That is so since attention is paid to values, purpose, and relationships, how we reason regarding and acts upon, whereby these aspects will engage individuals, not only with their minds

The different definitions of success Assignment

The different definitions of success - Assignment Example This was explicitly described by an observation of American society in 1955: To be poor in a status society meant that a mans life was hard, but at least it was not shameful; if he made the best of a bad bargain, that was all that was expected. But in the fluid, mobile world of American society, a poor man was supposed to rise; not to do so was a sign of weakness, if not a badge of immorality ( Lynn, 1955). Lynn’s description of how American society valued success in the 50s is no more different on how society value success nowadays. Hollywood stars are considered successful once they have garnered several awards despite the fact that some films do not even imbibe ethics or morality at all. Success is viewed by the secular world as an accomplishment in any field, no matter what means was employed to hit the target or reach the goal. However, success should not be viewed by its ends alone. Success is like cooking your favorite dish, certain ingredients are needed to create a dish. The following stories of people who succeeded would reveal to us later why success is similar to the simple but skillful art of cooking. Today in the United States, there is an African American president. After so many years of oppression, and fighting, it is a very great achievement for any American to see. Overcoming the racial barriers, and all other obstacles, Barack Obama was sworn in as the 44th President of the United States. Coming from a humble background, the son of a Kenyan immigrant, and an American mother from Kansas, Obama worked hard since a young age to achieve what he thought and knew could be his full potential. 4 p.m, Ayo got back from school daily. His dad, an extremely rich Nigerian senator, and Harvard graduate did not live with him, instead, he lived with his mother a stay at home mom. Ayo’s parents never got married, he lived with his

To what extent do electronic cimmerce influence the lifestyle of Research Paper

To what extent do electronic cimmerce influence the lifestyle of lancaster people - Research Paper Example People who utilise e-commerce are influenced by many factors that drive desire to use the Internet or other mobile technologies. These include free delivery of product, the ability of the seller to ensure accuracy of order fulfilment and exchange and return opportunities. Research has also shown that there is even more incentive when sellers reduce potential risks, such as privacy and payment security (Makhija and Stewart 2002). These factors tend to influence increased use of e-commerce as a lifestyle tool. However, there is a gap in literature about, specifically, Lancaster residents and whether e-commerce influences their lifestyles and is deemed a relevant and valuable method of shopping or conducting other business. This study maintains the ability to gain an understanding of a specific geographic region and the extent to which e-commerce is considered a constructive and beneficial tool. According to Price (2014), e-commerce is becoming a widespread trend in consumer shopping, with buyers spending 23 percent of every British Pound spent on shopping in the e-commerce environment. What attributes to this growing trend for an industry now worth  £17 billion? Asfend-e-yar and Tjoa (2013) assert that social familiarity with computer science improves acquaintance with online shopping, making the industry flourish. Furthermore, online shopping maintains fewer costs to the purchaser, including labour expenditures and economics. This is due to the fact that e-commerce sellers have much less overhead costs than in a traditional bricks-and-mortar retail outlet (Lamson-Hall 2013). This has implications on whether a company can provide attractive pricing, facilitated by a more streamlined distribution system allowing for more price-conscious movement of inventories that translates into a better opportunity for buyers. Hence, e-commerce can facilitate more convenient and simpli stic shopping experiences than in traditional bricks-and-mortar retail outlets. There

Philosophy of Special Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophy of Special Education - Research Paper Example people who are enabled differently, to cope with the rest of the society, it becomes imperative and key that such students would be taught in schools. To begin with, school would be necessary to enhance the civic aspect and cognitive abilities of the special needs students. The things they would learn in school would sharpen their cognitive abilities and acuity towards the same goal and objective. Secondly, the school setting and environment would improve the emotional acuity and sharpness. The fact that a student gets to share the same environment with others means that different emotions such as extreme happiness and sadness get to occur in such a place. If for instance, in one day such a student gets extremely overjoyed and the minute he or she is annoyed, after some time, the student would find the right level of emotional balance. Subsequently, a school would enable such a student with special needs and special abilities to develop vocational skills and talents which would enable him or her to earn a livelihood (Spring, 2013, p. 19). Given the fact that the intelligence disposition and quotient of the special needs students or people may not allow them to pursue professional courses such as medicine, they would instead pursue vocational courses. At the long end, they would use their vocational skills and trainings to earn livelihoods and lead descent independent lives. Equally important is that schools help the special needs people or students to develop and grow their social lives. It is only through interacting with other people that one gets to develop and practice interpersonal skills such as talking, communicating, relating, apologizing, and showing gratitude amongst other social abilities. A school would also a special need student to develop moral responsibility and care so that he or she would be a co mplete person in the human society, able to relate and co-exist with others. These learner with special skills and abilities may in the ordinary sense

Business Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Communication - Assignment Example Thank you for your letter dated 20 March, 2013 regarding to the quality issue of kiwi fruits, we regret for the inconvenience caused to you in this regard and thank you for allowing us to examine your issues. We had started taking corrective actions after receiving your earlier phone call. At the time of packing, we cross checked and found that the products were up tothe standard. Also, we are sure that the problem might have occurred during the transit, as we did not receive any issues before that. Please let me know,when is the consignment required by you,after getting the confirmation from your side, we will make the arrangements to deliver the product to you within two days by using the special express delivery methods. In order to avoid causing inconvenience to others, the management has planned to place two containers near the external back door which is to be used as an ashtray and rubbish bin from 15 March, 2013 onwards. Any feedbacks from our staff members are invited on or before 13 March, 2013 in this regard, so it will enable us to consider the facts before implementing them. We observed from your letter that you had purchased Del Mar Cellular Window Shades C1116 on June 2009 as well as onAugust 2009. From your mail, we have understood that you are not unable to locate the invoice for the purchases made on August 2009,on which you are facing the issues. As per the norms of the company, we can only guarantee the services only when you produce the invoice copy. For this, you can either search for the invoice copy in your premises. Else you can obtain the duplicate copy of your purchase by going to Cellini’s store. If you are able to locate the invoice copy, then we can personally guarantee that our warranty services will be free of cost or else our concern person will visit your place and verify for the barcodes which available on the product; if it is ours then we will definitely rectify the

Case study, Sensible Life Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study, Sensible Life Products - Essay Example for disinfectant products has been increasing steadily owing to the increased awareness from campaigns focusing on the importance of cleanliness and disinfection. Additionally, recent years have seen an increment in the number of infectious such as the avian flu thereby causing increased demand for disinfectants. This implies that there is a relatively large and ready market for SLP products. However, amid the rising demand consumers trends are changing in favor of products that consume minimum time possible. As such, it is recommended that SLP’s management consider organizations that are producing products that are easy to use and time saving such as wipes. This will ensure that benefect will retain its relevance in the market amid changing consumer trends. Additionally, market research shows that consumers are highly interested in learning about bacteria and germ protection. Furthermore, research studies shows that consumer preferences are changing in favor of environmental friendly products. As such, it is recommended that SLP channels more energy and resources into partners that have clear strategies of marketing benefect. Additionally, more importantly is a firm that will teach about the benefits of using environmentally friendly disinfectants such as benefect. However, this is seemingly difficult since a campaign promoting use of organic disinfectants would act against other products of most companies. Nonetheless, striking such a deal would ensure that benefect is still being produced and ensuring human health while simultaneously conserving the environment. Furthermore, disinfectants are regulated products hence the need to have a firm with extensive experience regarding the sale of regulated products. This implies the befitting firm to strike a deal with SLP was probably one already dealing with disinfectant products. Moreover, potential firms needed to have knowledge of the appropriate target market in which to sell the disinfectant products. This

The military tactics and weapons used by USA and the Vietcong forces in Vietnam Essay Example for Free

The military tactics and weapons used by USA and the Vietcong forces in Vietnam Essay Throughout the Vietnam War, many tactics and weapons were used by both VC and US forces. But the sides whose strategies and weapons proved more effective in Vietnam were the Vietcongs and other communist forces. Throughout the war, the Americans relied on their modern developments to aid them in strategies and weapons, which when on the level fields of conventional warfare, proved more superior. They had in their possession tanks, helicopters, trucks and other transport, artillery and well disciplined soldiers. The VC used simple yet effective techniques, such as booby traps or hiding in vegetation. The tactics of both sides were greatly different towards the end of the war compared to the ones used near to the beginning. At the beginning of the war the USs main objective was to at least, contain the communist North by helping South Vietnam to keep the threat at bay. One of the earliest tactics used to do this was Search and Destroy missions. Search and Destroy missions were when the US used Helicopters to hunt down NVA and VC units, once they found a group, troops were dropped off in the area of activity and killed as many people as they possibly could. Supply bases were built in support of this. These were basically fortified areas of land with artillery protecting and things such as ammunition, food etc. If the troops on the search and destroy missions found any evidence of VC activity, (personnel, weapons, plans, traps being made etc.) then the suspected communists were killed and villages were burnt to the ground. This most likely would have turned the S.Vietnamese against the American cause, as they had destroyed the homes they lived in and murdered their friends. The American tactic played right into the hands of the communist, and they countered this with there own superior tactic, by rebuilding their homes and burying the dead. They also gave land left from the Indochina war back to the peasants. This helped the VC a lot because it meant new recruits for them (The VC Guerillas dressed mainly in black pajamas, looking like peasants; they were farmers by day and Guerillas by night). In recruiting, the VC were open to women fighters as well as men. This meant that the American male soldiers were affected by the morality of killing a woman, it wasnt morally right; this made them think twice and damaged morale by leaving the thought of killing a woman on their conscience-they became physicologically unhealthy). This shows how smart the VC were in their planning of tactics, they responded to the violence of the US by winning the hearts and minds of the peasants(which is one of the things the US aimed to do in the first place through offering humanitarian aid etc.-this is called Pacification). The most powerful of methods used by the VC that influenced the whole Vietnam War was their Guerilla tactics and fighting methods: One of the problems instantly faced by the Americans was the Vietnameses tactic of having no front line, this meant that the VC could even go into stalemate as the fighting was on their homeland, and they could afford to wait for a victory. The US however couldnt as the war was costing them money and lives, so they had to engage the enemy quickly. This was a big problem for the Americans as they were trained in the art of conventional warfare, where you can see your opponent. Guerilla warfare was a sort of hit and run tactic. It relied on close combat and mainly ambushing the enemy. This also meant that the US couldnt use their tactic of having a body count; which was when they counted the amounts of people they killed. But this was useless as the Americans couldnt see who they were fighting, there was no front line and the VC used camouflage and concealment techniques: they wore foliage and could hide in trees, fields, jungles etc. and leap out at any given time. They avoided face-to-face combat and used the jungle, which was completely anonymous to the Western Invaders. As the US couldnt pull up any exact figures of how many they killed, their own body count mounted as one by one, they were killed off; thus denting their morale as a result. As well as having tactics that heavily influenced the war, the VC had weapons in their possession, which instantly surpassed the Americans modern counterparts, as they were well suited to their terrain. The typical US soldiers main weapon was the M-16 Assault Rifle. This was an American made gun, and unlike the AK-47, the M16 concentrated on semi-automatic accuracy rather than on full automatic firepower. It was lighter than the AK and was made using alluminium and plastics, this however didnt help US troops in their fighting, as it was mainly dense jungle in the geography of Vietnam, you would have needed a durable weapon to withstand every single trip and fall. It was tipped to be a much more reliable weapon but it often jammed, costing the lives of hundreds of Americans caught in firefights. It was said to be self-cleaning but it wasnt, carbon deposits built up often and it had to be cleaned after every use; and troops werent issued with cleaning kits. Also, one of the biggest problems was that the M16 was built for long range shooting. Adding to this, it had old style rear sights which meant that you could only aim using one eye. This means that the main use of the M16 was for accurate long-range shooting, which didnt help the Americans again as they were constantly being ambushed by Guerillas and forced into close combat! Unlike the M16, the AK-47 was a much sturdier weapon made out of solid wood and metals, heavier but more durable. The AK could stand the humidity of the jungle and literally never jammed or even needed cleaning(if it did, it was very easy to disassemble and clean) It was an extremely simple weapon to which anybody could be trained on (good news for the VC- they could recruit anyone and train them on this rifle, even a child; resulting in the Americans not being able to tell exactly who they were fighting and giving the VC that edge). Furthermore, the AKs shape made it ideal for the shooter to be in the prone postition (lying down flat on the stomach), which was an ideal position for the shootouts in dense jungles. Also, briefly comparing the rounds used, the M16 had higher velocity (faster travelling) lighter, and smaller bullets: 5.56mm; making it ideal at long-range shooting. The Russian AK however had heavier and bigger bullets: 7.62mm. This statistic gave the AK the upper hand in close combat situations where the bullet had to pass through literally anything i.e. heavy underbush in the jungle (which could deflect the lighter American 5.56mm round) or in shootouts in towns/cities, where the heavy 7.62mm bullet could go thruogh a wall and the 5.56 couldnt. The last and final thing about the AK-47 compared to the M16 was its sights. There was a rear-sight shaped like a V, and a foresight blade at the end. This meant that you could use both eyes when shooting and didnt have to be as accurate; making it ideal again for the VC and Guerilla fighting. This brief comparison of these two weapons widely used throughout the war shows that the characterisitcs AK-47 surpassed that of the M16. It was a much more durable weapon that was well suited to the terrain and handling of the Vietcong and helped the VC in their fight against the US greatly. Aswell as having just guns on their side, the US and VC had other things aswell. The US had different types of trnasport and tactics: Helicopters, they were fast and could be used to deploy troops quickly. But the VC responded to this by using their portable Rocket Launchers (supplied by the Soviet Union aswell) which took out the Helicopters instantly as they basically were giant hovering targets. Tanks could not be used because of the geography of Vietnam, so trucks were used, but these were easy targets aswell as being literally a car. Instead of trucks, the Americans used Armoured Personnel Carriers. These were basically open-style tanks. They were used more than the Tank and were mainly for transpot. They could be used on land and water, which gave them a bit more protection from the VC attacks; and the armour itself gave ample protection to the crew if under attck from small arms fire. As for the VC, where were they getting all these supplies from to destroy American tactics? The answer was simple. The Ho Chi Minh Trail. It was a 1000 mile secret supply trail from North Vietnam to South Vietnam. It was so big that at any given time, 10,000 trucks could be on it transporting suppplies. Also, it wasnt just one straight road, it had a 30 mile width, and in it were hundreds of paths that branched off. That way, if the part of the trail was bombed for example, them the VC could simply turn around and follow a different route. The US knew about this (but they didnt know the fact that it had many branched off sections- they thought it was one straight route) and this made them want to stop it. Reconnaisance photos showed little or no evidence of the trail, it was literally built under the Americans noses; but they just couldnt find it. The American Intelligence analysts could hardly spot the trail from above because the dense jungle had different canopy levels. The VC cut the lower levels so their transport could meander through, leaving the top layer of canopy as cover from the US planes and other enemies. But Aeroplanes werent only used for taking photos. As the Americans could only give a rough estimate of the position of the trail, there was still a chance of finding it, and they began use planes to bomb the Ho Chi Minh trail, but this had no effect on the VC morale or the way they used it, if one part was bombed off, then they simply switched to a different path. So, another way that the US tried to sniff out any VC or activity along the trail was by using the planes to drop ADSIDs- or Tropical Trees. These were dropped by planes into the jungle and stuck into the ground when landing. They sensed the heat and vibrations from everything, so if something was picked up, the Americans would know; and assume it is VC personnel. To combat this, the Vietcong used an extremely simple yet practical technique that the Americans never saw coming. they moved the ADSIDs, to a remot place and put a generator next to it, and the tactic worked. The VC just watched as US warplanes flew overhead and bombed the wrong place without harming anybody. To add to the lack of progress made by US forces, troops morale was droppin rapidly. One of the main causes of low morale throughout the war was the booby traps left by the VC. They had explosive traps such as deadly landmines-supplied by the Ho Chi Minh Trail-and other sorts. But the most effective were the ones that they made by hand. These were cheap and easy to make, they were so simple to make, that they could be made by anyone. It was an excellent morale builder for the VC and they used signals in the forests to tell each other where the traps were. But unfortunatly the Americans werent so happy. They faced barbed wire, tied from tree-to-tree, the Punji Stake Trap( a ditch in the ground full of bamboo stakes or barbed steel spikes-sometimes even smothered in human faecies so when the victim was cut open, they suffered blood poisoning) which was disguised on the forest floor; and many more. They were all designed to mame but not kill. They were grusome yet brutally effective and severely damaged US troops morale. Many men watched as their friends perished in agony which added to the lowering of morale. Soon, the result of the VC booby trap tactic really came into effect: the Americans started to think Why arent we winning? Were a superpower and at the moment were getting nowhere, Why are my friends dying all around me? So soon the mortality rate mong US soldiers began to rise. So far through the war, US tactics have been proving useless and the VCs tactics and weapons have been very effective. As the war intensified, the US did make a couple of hits on VC morale. They used their Warplanes in the tactic of Saturation bombing. This was when the planes emptied all there loads at once and bombed N.Vietnam and S.Vietnam in heavy loads. One of the most heavily bombed aea in South Vietnam was the suspected VC stronghold Cu Chi. It was so heavily bombed that the people living their had made the desperate descision to go underground in order to avoid the bombing. Thus The Cu Chi Tunnels were made. It was here where the villagers of Cu Chi would stay for the next 10 years, and at the height of the war, the Cu Chi tunnel sytem streched from the outskirts of Saigon all the way to the Cambodian border; approx. 250km of tunnels! The tunnels had everything to offer for the villagers to live in comfort: kitchens, beds, living areas and dining quarters, planning rooms, amm unition stores, hospital wards and even wells. Amazingly, holes connected from the ground fed the people fresh air and let out hot steam from the kitchens, and the US forces still couldnt find them! Tiny trap doors were designed to fit the samatotype of the Vietnamese into the forest floor, and viewpoints were made from undergroound to the surface of the forest floor which made them ideal sniping positions. The tunnels at Cu Chi were never destroyed. They were only breached on rare occasions. Since the average westerner wasnt able to fit comfotably into the tiny tunnel entrances, the Tunnel Rats were formed. These were volunteers from the army who had small body shapes, they could fit into the tunnels and were sent down. They were equiped with a torch, pistol and a nife and faced the dank and dark tunnels on their own. The VC often left traps in the system e.g biologcal weapons- snakes, scorpions, spiders, bats, or even trap doors that cut peoples throast or lead to Punji Pits. Most of the time the Rats came out screeming and crying. As a result of not being able to find the entrances to the tunnels most of the time, the Americans used chemical bombs. Napalm. It was basically jellied petrtol and was used to burn off leaves and vegetation in forests. It stuck to its victims causing horrific burns. To add to this, they also used more chemical weapons: Agents Orange and Blue- weedkillers basically. They were generously sprayed over forests to get rid of the cover, which did work. But, these chemical weapons caused horrific deaths and the wounds from Napalm would take six months to heal, leaving victims terribly scarred. The Dioxin in the Orange/Blue Agents caused deformities in children and cancer to anyone handling it. This must have had an effect on the VC morale because the environment of Vietnam, including food sources, were completely destroyed aswell. But it just made them fight harder against the invaders. The counter to this tactic came as another VC tactic, and a huge surprise to the Americans and everyone else. On Jan 31st 1968, more than 80,000 NVA and VC soldiers simultaneously attacked Saigon and other major cities on US posts. This was called the Tet Offensive. This caught the US forces off-guard as they didnt know who they were fighting as the VC looked like ordinary civillians. Tet meant the new lunar year, and their must have been lots of festivals with people and even military forces relaxing or celebrating in the streets. The reason why they nobody saw this coming was because it wasnt morally right e.g. People would not fight on Christmas Day? To add to the unexpectedness, the Tet Offensive was planned right under the noses of the Americans in public places. Furthermore, the VC werent fighting as Gerillas, they had a change in their tactics and were fighting using conventional warfare. This is proved by the fact that more than 500 Americans were either wounded or died in the first three weeks of the major attack-much quicker death rates than ambushing. This changed the view of the war to the public of America, as they realised that the US wasnt actually winning the war, their loved ones were dying. Thus bringing down morale in America itself, as the attack led to the media saying that the VC were growing in strength. But even though the VC had the upper hand at first, they were fighting conventionally, the way the American troops were specially traned to do, and the end of the Tet Offensive was seen a US victory as it forced North Vietnam to begin peace talks (only a few places were captured by the communists, the other posts were successfully defended). Tet was still a successful counter-tactic by the VC as many US soldiers lost their lives. So two months later, the last tactic came in effect from the revenge seeking Amerians. In March later that year, a search and destroy mission to a village known as a VC stronghold resulted in the My Lai Massacre. US forces made their way to the village and there was no resistence, between 175 and 500 unarmed civilians were killed and no VC were actually found. They had escaped. The innocent villagers were brutally shot and the bodies of the women and children were photographed by a US army photographer. The deed was commited during the same year: 1968, but was made public in November 1969. In the American soldiers defence, they were just obeying orders; but that wasnt justified. Overall, these events show evidence that the VCs tactics and weapons were much better in helping them change the tide of the war. Their simple yet ingenious home-based techniques evidently proved to be far more effective than the modern Americans, thus resulting in a regretfull intervention and humiliating defeat.